Chapter 6
Explanation about Meditation
In this chapter, Shri Krishna carries forward the comparison between Karm Yog and Karm Sanyas Yog, affirming Karm Yog as the more suitable path for most of the humanity. He further elucidates the characteristics of a Yogi and establishes the interconnectedness of a Sanyasi and a Yogi.
Notably, this chapter includes a significant query posed by Arjun, a question that resonates with many of us.
Before delving into the details, it is crucial to reiterate the meaning of Yog: Union, denoting the convergence of individual consciousness with divine consciousness. In simpler terms, it signifies the alignment of the human mind with the divine presence.
Verse 1 and 2
Shri Krishna draws a parallel between internal and external renunciation. He explicates that an authentic Yogi is someone who maintains detachment from the outcomes of their actions within, transcending mere external displays of renunciation or adherence to ritualistic practices as prescribed in the Vedas.
Shri Krishna asserts that the concepts of Sanyas (renunciation) and Yog (spiritual union) are inherently interconnected. When an individual internally renounces material desires, they essentially adopt the essence of a Yogi, signifying a state of internal sanyas. Thus, the act of forsaking material desires on an internal level is tantamount to embodying the ideals of a sanyasi.
Verse 3 to 9
A person devoid of attachment to sensory objects and the outcomes of actions is deemed accomplished in Yog. Shri Krishna proceeds to expound that the mind can be harnessed to elevate oneself, but it can also prove detrimental and degrade one's state. A person who gains mastery over their mind transforms it into an ally; otherwise, the mind functions as an adversary. A Yogi who triumphs over their mind is characterized by the ability to maintain impartiality towards all aspects of life, be it friends or adversaries, favourable circumstances or challenges. A Yogi perceives both positive and negative experiences with equanimity.
To attain proficiency in Yog, a significant aspect is to engage in action without attachment. For a Yogi who has already embraced this mindset, meditation assumes paramount importance as a practice.
Verse 10 to 18
Describing the method to achieve this yogic state, Shri Krishna emphasizes that those aspiring for Yog should diligently engage in continuous meditation. He then proceeds to elucidate the technique of meditation: A Yogi, seated in a secluded spot with an erect posture, should focus their gaze on the tip of the nose. With unwavering concentration, they must prevent their eyes from wandering. This singular focus extends to the control of all thoughts and actions. The mind of the meditator should be tranquil, unafraid, and unwavering in the vow of celibacy, encompassing not only the physical but also the mental realm.
Through meditation, an individual attains enduring tranquility, the presence of God, and divine blessings. Those who strike a balance in all facets of life – be it diet, sleep, or other activities – can alleviate their sorrows through the practice of Yog, signifying meditation in the name of God. The state of being a consummate Yogi is reached through disciplined adherence to these principles.
Verse 19-32
Having detailed the process of meditation and the perfected state it culminates in, Shri Krishna now expounds upon the outcomes of these endeavors – the realization of a perfect Yogi. Such a Yogi's mental state remains characterized by equanimity and balance regardless of the circumstances. They consciously detach themselves from external pleasures and self-centered desires, steadfastly fixing their focus on God. These individuals uphold equilibrium amid favorable and unfavorable situations, thus attaining the pinnacle of divine bliss.
To them, no outcome is perceived as intrinsically good or bad; they perceive the divine presence in all manifestations. Their minds dwell in a serene state. Shri Krishna lauds them as consummate Yogis, individuals who view all living beings impartially and respond to the joys and sorrows of others as if they were their own.
Verse 33 to 45
In this context, Arjuna raises practical queries concerning the challenges that humans encounter during meditation.
Arjuns Question 7: Arjuna acknowledges the inherent restlessness of the mind, likening it to the uncontrollable nature of the wind. He highlights the challenge of achieving the requisite calmness and control necessary for successful meditation, given that meditation demands a tranquil and disciplined state of mind.
Shri Krishna’s Answer 7: Shri Krishna concurs with Arjuna's observation, acknowledging the formidable task of taming the mind. However, he proceeds to affirm that individuals who persistently engage in the practice of meditation and cultivate detachment will ultimately gain mastery over their minds. Through continuous effort and dedicated practice, they can successfully attain the state of Yog, characterized by controlled and disciplined mental faculties.
Arjuns Question 8: Arjuna raises a significant question, inquiring about the destiny of an individual who initiates the journey with sincere faith yet struggles to fully immerse themselves in Yog due to the instability of their mind. This person, while not finding fulfilment in the material world, also appears to be unable to access the eternal realm.
Shri Krishna’s Answer 8: Shri Krishna responds by assuring that those who earnestly endeavour for spiritual progress do not face any loss. He explains that such individuals will be reborn into a conducive environment that allows them to resume their spiritual journey seamlessly from where they left off in their previous life.
Verse 46 and 47
Shri Krishna underscores the hierarchy of spiritual progress, outlining that aspiring to be a Yogi surpasses being a Tapasvi, striving for knowledge (Gyani), or engaged in ritualistic actions (Karmi). He clarifies their definitions:
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Yogi: One who ardently pursues a connection with God.
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Tapasvi: An individual leading an ascetic and austere lifestyle.
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Gyani: A seeker dedicated to acquiring knowledge, particularly scriptural wisdom.
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Karmi: Someone engaged in Vedic rituals with the aim of obtaining rewards.
Shri Krishna concludes by affirming that among the Yogi category, the Yogi who possesses unwavering faith and practices devotion (Bhakti Yog) towards him holds the highest rank.
Conclusion: In this chapter, Shri Krishna draws a comparison between Karm Yog and Karm Sanyas Yog, asserting that Karm Yog is the more accessible path for most people due to its practicality. He proceeds to delineate the process of meditation and the steps to attain the ultimate state. Shri Krishna lays the groundwork for the forthcoming six chapters by concluding that a Yogi deeply immersed in devotion (Bhakti Yog) towards him holds the highest stature.
In the ensuing six chapters, Shri Krishna delves into an extensive exposition of Bhakti Yog, providing a comprehensive understanding of this path.